Raccoon Eyes Presentation in a Child Diagnosed With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report.

Raccoon's eyes (periorbital ecchymosis) may present as the first sign in patients with skull base/base/facial fractures and tumors. In childhood, orbital metastases of neuroblastoma should be considered in the absence of trauma history. Herein, we report a 3-year-old girl diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who presented with periorbital ecchymosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first pediatric patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the literature who presented with raccoon eyes.

Application of Femoral Nerve Block in Treating Great Saphenous Vein Insufficiency by Endovenous Radiofrequency Ablation Combined with Punctate Stripping.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block (FNB) in treating great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency by endovenous radiofrequency ablation (EVRA) combined with punctate stripping (PS). METHODS: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study. A total of 135 patients were divided into Group A (59 patients) and Group B (76 patients). All patients received tumescent anesthesia during the operation, and group A received an additional ultrasound-guided FNB before the procedure. Intraoperative and postoperative pain score, the volume of tumescent anesthesia solution (TAS), and other indicators were compared in two groups. RESULTS: Group A had a significantly lower intraoperative pain visual analog scale than group B (2.7 ± 1.2 vs 5.2 ± 1.5, P < 0.001). The volume of TAS in group A was significantly lower than that in group B (198 ± 26.6 ml vs 338 ± 34.7 ml, P < 0.001). Postoperative muscle strength of group A was significantly decreased compared with group B (54.2% vs 3.90%, P < 0.001); no patient had severe limitation of active movements in both groups, and all motor blocks recovered within 24 h. The incidence of skin ecchymosis in group A was lower than that in group B (18.6% vs 46.1%, P = 0.001). The operation duration of the two groups had no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided FNB in treating GSV insufficiency by EVRA combined with PS significantly relieved intraoperative pain and reduced the dosage of TAS and the incidence of skin ecchymosis without increasing the complications of anesthesia or any other surgical complications.

Ocular Findings in Patients with Orbital Fractures: A 1-Year Prospective Study in a Tertiary Center.

Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of ocular findings in patients with orbital fractures in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed. The participants were patients who presented with orbital trauma to the emergency department of King Saud Medical City (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia). Subjects included those diagnosed with isolated orbital fracture using clinical evaluation and CT examination. We performed direct evaluation of ocular findings for all patients. Variables studied included age, gender, site of ocular fracture, cause of trauma, side of fracture, and ocular findings. Results: In total, 74 patients with orbital fractures were included in this study (n = 74). Of the 74 patients, 69 (93.2%) were males and only 5 patients (6.8%) were females. The age range was 8-70 years, with a median age of 27 years. The 27.5-32.6-year age group was the most affected (95.0%). The left orbital bone was involved in the majority of bone fractures 48 (64.9%). The orbital floor (n = 52, 41.9%) and lateral wall (n = 31, 25.0%) were the most prevalent sites of bone fracture among the study patients. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were the most common causes (64.9%) of orbital fractures, followed by assaults (16.2%) and then sports injuries and falls (9.5% and 8.1%, respectively). Animal attacks were the least cause of trauma (only 1 patient, 1.4%). The occurrence of ocular findings, either alone or in combination, showed that subconjunctival hemorrhage had the highest percentage (52.0%), followed by edema (17.6%) and ecchymosis (13.6%). A statistically significant correlation was reported between the site of bone fracture and orbital findings, with r = 0.251 * and p < 0.05. Conclusions: Subconjunctival bleeding, edema, and ecchymosis were the most frequent ocular abnormalities, in that order. There were a few instances of diplopia, exophthalmos, and paresthesia. Other ocular discoveries were incredibly uncommon. The location of bone fractures was found to be significantly correlated with ocular results.

Use of Kinesio® taping and manual lymphatic drainage to manage traumatic edema and ecchymosis post arthroscopic meniscectomy in a recreational weightlifter: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported success of edema management with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD) or Kinesio® taping. However, there is limited evidence investigating the use of a combination of the two postoperatively and evidence is conflicting due to limitations of published trials. The purpose of this case report was to describe the utilization of MLD and Kinesio® taping in the physical therapy (PT) management of edema and ecchymosis post-arthroscopic meniscectomy. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 51 year-old male was referred to PT 10 days after meniscectomy. He presented with increased edema that was not atypical secondary to a suspected saphenous vein injury. Severe edema and ecchymosis began 24 hours after surgery, which led to pain and decreases in range of motion (ROM) and difficulty with gait. Interventions for edema management consisted of MLD, Kinesio® taping and therapeutic exercise. OUTCOMES: The patient was seen for five visits over 10 days for edema management that resulted in decreases in girth and pain and increases in ROM and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and Patient Specific Functional Scale. He was able to sleep, return to the gym, and squat without pain. DISCUSSION: Following MLD and Kinesio® taping in conjunction with therapeutic exercises, edema and ecchymosis were reduced allowing for improved function acutely. Early and aggressive edema management postoperatively should be considered to optimize patient outcomes. This case demonstrated early management of edema facilitated increases in ROM and ease of patient-specific activities and decreased pain in five visits.

The Effect of Mild Hypocapnia on Postoperative Ecchymosis in Rhinoplasty.

PURPOSE: Ecchymosis and edema are the most common complications in patients following rhinoplasty in the early postoperative period. Vasoconstriction created by hypocarbia may have a positive effect on postoperative ecchymosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mild hypocapnia induced in rhinoplasty on the severity of periorbital ecchymosis. METHODS: The study was carried out retrospectively in the digital photographs (control group and study group) of 31 participants who underwent open technical rhinoplasty between January and March 2019. During the operation, partial carbon dioxide pressure in the study group was kept in the range of 32 to 38 mmHg and in the control group between 42 and 46 mmHg and this was confirmed by arterial blood gas measurements taken during the operation. Measuring the brightness and shadows of digital photos Digital color meter was used in MacOS X as a computer software. RESULTS: The mean ratio of periorbital ecchymosis to forehead brightness was 0.84 ± 0.05 in the study group and 0.81 ± 0.03 in the control group. There was no significant difference between the study and control groups (P > .05). CONCLUSION: This study investigates the potential role of hypocapnia on postoperative ecchymosis during rhinoplasty. The severity of ecchymosis was less in the patients with induced mild hypocapnia regarding both subjective and objective evaluations, but this difference didn't reach statistical significance compared to the normocapnic control group.

Acquired hemophilia A in the setting of dual anticoagulation therapy and lupus anticoagulant: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Acquired hemophilia A is a disorder caused by autoantibodies against coagulation factor VIII that may present with severe bleeding. We report a rare case of acquired hemophilia A presenting with coexisting lupus anticoagulant. CASE PRESENTATION: An 81-year-old Caucasian female presented with large ecchymoses over the torso and extremities in the setting of an enoxaparin bridge to warfarin. Anticoagulation was held, but she continued to develop bruises with significant anemia and prolonged coagulation studies that failed to correct with mixing. Workup revealed factor VIII activity < 1% and a positive lupus anticoagulant. Initial testing for a factor VIII inhibitor was confounded by the presence of lupus anticoagulant, requiring a chromogenic Bethesda assay to confirm the presence of the inhibitor, establishing the diagnosis of acquired hemophilia A. The patient was initially treated with oral prednisone 80 mg daily and factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity 25 units/kg twice daily before transitioning to susoctocog alfa 50 units/kg twice daily after placement of a tunneled line for outpatient rituximab infusions. On discharge, the patient's ecchymoses were resolving and factor VIII levels improved. Following completion of rituximab therapy, the patient's factor VIII activity normalized and factor VIII inhibitor was suppressed. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of acquired hemophilia A can be confounded by other causes of abnormal coagulation studies and may require specialized testing, such as a chromogenic Bethesda assay, to confirm the presence of a factor VIII inhibitor.

A Cohort Study of Rivaroxaban Combined with D-Dimer Dynamic Monitoring in the Prevention of Deep Venous Thrombosis after Knee Arthroplasty.

Objective: To explore the cohort study of rivaroxaban combined with D-dimer dynamic monitoring in the prevention of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after knee arthroplasty. Methods: Eighty-four patients with knee osteoarthritis who went through total knee arthroplasty from June 2019 to June 2021 in our hospital were arbitrarily assigned into the study group and the control group. The patients in the control group were cured with rivaroxaban anticoagulation after operation, and the study group was cured with dynamic monitoring of D-dimer on the basis of the control group. The incidence of postoperative DVT, pulmonary embolism (PE), and bleeding complications (incision ecchymosis and bleeding events) were compared. The related indexes such as drainage volume and blood transfusion volume were compared. The levels of activated partial prothrombin time (APPT), prothrombin time (PT), and D-dimer were dynamically monitored before and after operation. Visual analogue scale (VAS) was adopted to assess the degree of postoperative incision pain, the level of limb swelling before and after operation was measured, the circumference difference of affected limb was calculated, the ecchymosis area was assessed in the form of nine-palace grid, and the scores were compared. Results: According to the comparison of VAS score, there exhibited no remarkable difference before operation and on the first day after operation, but the VAS score decreased after operation, and the VAS score of the study group on the 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day after operation was remarkably lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There exhibited no remarkable difference in drainage volume (P > 0.05), but the blood transfusion volume and total blood loss in the study group were remarkably lower (P < 0.05). There exhibited no remarkable difference in the level of PT on the 3rd day before operation and on the 3rd day after operation, but on the 7th day and 14th day after operation, the level of PT in the study group was remarkably higher (P < 0.05). The level of PT in the study group was remarkably higher (P < 0.05). There exhibited no remarkable difference in the level of APPT on the 3rd day before operation and on the 3rd day after operation, but on the 7th day and 14th day after operation, the level of APPT in the study group was remarkably higher (P < 0.05). The level of APPT in the study group was remarkably higher (P < 0.05). There exhibited no remarkable difference in the level of plasma D-dimer before operation (P > 0.05). The level of plasma D-dimer in the study group was lower (P < 0.05). In terms of the postoperative ecchymosis area score, the ecchymosis area score decreased remarkably after operation. Furthermore, the ecchymosis area score of the study group was remarkably lower (P < 0.05). In terms of the swelling degree of the affected limb, there exhibited no remarkable difference in thigh circumference and calf circumference before operation (P > 0.05), but after operation, the thigh circumference difference and calf circumference difference decreased, and the thigh circumference difference and calf circumference difference in the study group were lower (P < 0.05). The incidence of DVT in the study group was 16.67%, while that in the control group was 38.10%. No PE occurred in the two groups at the early stage after operation. There were 3 cases of incision ecchymosis, 1 case of bleeding event (incision oozing) in the study group, 11 cases of incisional ecchymosis, and 2 cases of bleeding event in the control group. In 3 patients with incisional bleeding, there were no obvious abnormalities in routine blood examination and blood coagulation indexes. The patients were given wound pressure bandaging and stopped using anticoagulants and changing wound dressings every day, all of which disappeared within 5 days. The incidence of early postoperative DVT and bleeding complications in the study group was lower (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Rivaroxaban combined with D-dimer dynamic monitoring has high clinical value in preventing DVT after knee arthroplasty and can effectively reduce the amount of blood loss during operation and the incidence of postoperative DVT, PE, and bleeding complications, which is worth popularizing to reduce the area of ecchymosis and the degree of pain after operation and shorten the recovery process.

Splenic rupture presenting with marked scrotal ecchymosis in a 2-day-old newborn.

Splenic rupture is a rare and severe condition in neonates. The signs and symptoms are vague and non-specific and are often not recognised before the onset of hypovolaemic shock or death. A 2-day-old infant presented with scrotal ecchymosis, and ultrasonography detected haemorrhage in the scrotal, right inguinal and adrenal regions. Computed tomography demonstrated a peri-splenic haematoma. Haemoglobin (Hb) was 2.79 g/dL and, despite repeated transfusions, the Hb level could not be sustained. Exploratory laparotomy detected a large haematoma in the splenic region, and, because of the uncontrolled haemorrhage, splenectomy was required.

Ecchymosis in critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient in Tangerang, Indonesia: a case report.

We have read with great interest the articles regarding cutaneous manifestations in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Studies showed 20.4% of COVID-19 patients developed cutaneous manifestations. COVID-19 causes vascular endothelial injury, vasculitis and prothrombotic state which might be the underlying cause of hemorrhagic cutaneous manifestations, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and multiple organ failures. To date, hemorrhagic cutaneous manifestations reported are chilblain-like lesion, purpura to ecchymosis, livedo reticularis, and dry gangrene. We present a case of ecchymosis in COVID-19-positive ICU hospitalized patient.

Morel-Lavallée lesion of the anterior leg: a rare anatomical presentation.

A Morel-Lavallée lesion (MLL) is a rare injury caused by blunt force trauma causing separation of subcutaneous tissue from the deep fascia. It is frequently seen in orthopaedic cases involving fractures of the hip or pelvis but is rare in the lower leg. The rarity of this condition often leads to misdiagnosis. A 66-year-old man presented to the emergency department after a 300-pound safe sheered across his left anterolateral leg causing skin avulsion, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, and erythema. The patient was treated for suspected cellulitis with oral antibiotics, but the lesion evolved into a necrotic eschar necessitating surgical intervention. In hindsight, MLL is a more appropriate diagnosis based on injury mechanism, disease progression and intraoperative findings. A history of shearing trauma with diffuse ecchymosis and erythema should prompt consideration of MLL. Due to rampant misdiagnosis, this case aims to increase awareness, as early diagnosis of MLL will improve patient outcomes.

Tratamiento del bruxismo con toxina botulínica tipo A. Estudio clínico prospectivo / Bruxism treatment with botulinum toxin type A. Prospective clinical study

Introducción y objetivo: El bruxismo (BRX) se define como rechinar y/o apretar los dientes, involuntaria e intensamente, debido a hipertrofia y/o contracción reiterada de los músculos masticatorios, especialmente los maseteros. Puede suceder durante el sueño o de día indistintamente. Los tratamientos empleados tienen la finalidad de limitar el daño sobre diferentes estructuras biológicas, especialmente la articulación témporo-mandibular (ATM), y oscilan desde oclusión irreversible, interposición de férulas, tratamiento farmacológico y/o terapias cognitivas, así como el empleo de toxina botulínica tipo A (TB-A). El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue investigar el efecto de relajación inducido por la inyección de TB-A en los maseteros y su relación con el alivio de los síntomas referidos por los pacientes con BRX. Material y método. Estudio clínico, prospectivo y longitudinal en 25 pacientes, mujeres, de 24 a 67 años (37.2 ± 10.7), desde setiembre de 2018 a marzo de 2019.Los controles de evaluación se realizaron antes, 2 semanas y 4 meses después del tratamiento con TB-A. Se tomaron fotografías digitales, se valoró el índice de desgaste dental de Smith-Knigth y se realizó ortopantomografía. Algunas pacientes aportaron resonancia magnética nuclear. Se tomaron medidas del diámetro bigonial mediante calibre digital y se valoró el grosor de los maseteros en reposo y contracción, por medición ecográfica. Resultados: Después del tratamiento con TB-A, el 24% de las pacientes se vieron libres de BRX y el 76% restante obtuvo gran mejoría; hubo escasos y transitorios efectos adversos. Conclusiones: La TB-A protege las estructuras orofaciales (dientes, músculos mandibulares, ATM) del daño inducido por el BRX, al tiempo que alivia el dolor y los síntomas relacionados con la excesiva contracción muscular

Background and objective: Bruxism (BRX) is defined as grinding or clenching of teeth, involuntarily and intensely, due to hypertrophy and/or contraction of muscles related to chewing, with particular involvement of masseters. It can happen during sleep or wakefulness indistinctly. Treatments are intended to limit destructive effects of BRX on different biological structures, especially the temporomandibular joint; are variable and range from irreversible occlusion, interposition of splints, pharmacological therapies, cognitive-behavioral approaches and the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A). The aim of this study was to investigate the relaxation effect of BoNT-A injection in masseter muscles and its relation to relief of symptoms in patients with BRX. Methods: This study is a clinical, prospective and longitudinal trial on 25 adult female patients between age ranges 24 to 67 (3.,2 ± 10.7), carried out from September 2018 to March 2019.Evaluation controls were done before, 2 weeks and 4 months after treatment with BoNT-A. Examination protocol in the trial included digital photography, Smith and Knight tooth wear index, orthopantomogra- phy and magnetic resonance imaging. Measurements of bigonial diameters were taken by calliper, at rest and during contraction, and the thickness of each masseter muscle was also evaluated in the same conditions, by ultrasound at every control. Results.As a result, after BoNT-A treatment, 24% of the patients were free of BRX, while the remaining 76% obtained a significant improvement, with few and transient adverse effects. Conclusions: BoNT-A can be used to protect oral-facial structures (such as teeth, jaw muscles, temporomandibular joint), from excessive forces and harmful damage caused by BRX, and to relieve accompanying pain and related complaints by decreasing the muscle forces exerted during contraction

Cambios histológicos dérmicos tras pérdida masiva de peso y su repercusión en la herida quirúrgica en abdominoplastia / Histological dermal changes after massive weight loss and its impact on surgical wound after abdominoplasty

Introducción y Objetivo. La obesidad es un problema de salud pública mundial. Tras la cirugía metabólica se genera una pérdida masiva de peso tras la cual suele ser necesaria una cirugía reconstructiva que conlleva un alto porcentaje de complicaciones en el sitio quirúrgico, principalmente dehiscencia. Es necesario evaluar los cambios histológicos que sufren estos pacientes y su relación con la evolución de la herida, marcando las diferencias entre los pacientes que pierden peso con dieta y ejercicio (únicamente con sobrepeso previo), en comparación con aquellos sometidos a cirugía bariátrica. Material y método. Estudiamos 4 grupos de pacientes candidatos a abdominoplastía tras pérdida de peso hasta lograr un índice de masa corporal (IMC) óptimo. Grupo A (grupo control): pacientes con sobrepeso (IMC 25.1-29) y pérdida ponderal solo con dieta y ejercicio hasta IMC aceptado < 27.5. Grupo B: obesidad Grado I (IMC 30-34.9); Grupo C: obesidad Grado II (IMC 35-39.9); Grupo D: obesidad Grado III / obesidad mórbida (IMC >40). Los Grupos B, C y D con pérdida ponderal tras bypass gástrico que llevó a un IMC aceptado < 31. Tomamos biopsia de la porción supraumbilical del colgajo abdominal a resecar y analizamos las características histológicas y su relación con la evolución postoperatoria. Resultados. Incluimos 80 pacientes (20 por grupo), 95% mujeres (76 pacientes), con edad promedio de 39.4 años (rango de 29 a 58). Obtuvimos una p < 0.0001 en relación a la densidad y morfología de las fibras elásticas y de colágeno al comparar todos los grupos de obesidad con el grupo control (sobrepeso); un riesgo relativo 5 veces mayor de equimosis y epidermólisis en la obesidad GIII; 8 veces más riesgo de dehiscencia en la obesidad GII; y 14 veces más riesgo de dehiscencia en el GIII. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa para infección. Conclusiones. Los pacientes con mayor grado de obesidad (GII y III) presentan mayores alteraciones histológicas dérmicas, con repercusión directamente proporcional (aumento del riesgo relativo) en la presencia de equimosis, epidermólisis y dehiscencia de las heridas. Recomendamos tener conciencia de este fenómeno al realizar procedimientos quirúrgicos en pacientes con pérdida de peso tras bypass gástrico, y en el momento del cierre quirúrgico, aplicar menor tensión en los bordes de la herida

Background and Objective. Obesity is a global public health problem. Metabolic surgery causes a massive weight loss, and patients usually require reconstructive surgery with a high percentage of complications at the surgical site, mainly dehiscence. Consequently, an analysis of histological changes on these patients and their relationship with wound evolution is required, stressing the differences between a patient who lost weight with diet and exercise (with prior overweight only), compared to one subjected to bariatric surgery. Methods. We formed 4 groups of patients who would undergo abdominoplasty after weight loss until an optimal body mass index (BMI) was obtained. Group A (control group): patients who were overweight (BMI 25.1-29), losing weight only with diet and exercise, leading them to an acceptable BMI < 27.5. Group B: obesity Grade I (BMI 30-34.9). Group C: obesity Grade II (BMI 35-39.9). Group D: obesity Grade III / morbid obesity (BMI > 40). Groups B, C and D with weight loss after gastric bypass, leading to an acceptable BMI < 30. A biopsy was taken from the supraumbilical portion of the abdominal flap to be resected. Histological characteristics and their relationship with postoperative evolution were analyzed. Results. 80 patients were included (20 per group). 95% were female (76 patients), with an average age of 39.4 years old (range from 29 to 58). A p <0.0001 was obtained in relation to density and morphology of elastic and collagen fibers when comparing all obesity groups to the control group (overweight), as well as a relative risk 5 times higher of having ecchymosis and epidermolysis in obesity GIII; 8 times higher risk of having dehiscence in Obesity GII; and 14 times higher risk of dehiscence in grade III. There was no statistically significant difference for infections. Conclusions. Patients with a higher degree of obesity (GII and III) have greater dermal histological alterations, with a directly proportional impact (increased relative risk) on the presence of ecchymosis, epidermolysis and dehiscence of wounds. Therefore, we should be aware of this problem when performing surgical closure, applying less pressure on edges. We recommend to take on count this phenomenon when performing a surgical procedure on a patient who lost weight after a gastric bypass, and so, a lower pressure must be applied to closure

Prevenção e tratamento de equimose, edema e fibrose no pré, trans e pós-operatório de cirurgias plásticas / Prevention and treatment of ecchymosis, edema, and fibrosis in the pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods of plastic surgery

Introdução: A fibrose, o edema intenso e a equimose são as intercorrências que representam um grande desafio ao fisioterapeuta dermatofuncional no pós-operatório de cirurgia plástica de lipoaspiração e abdominoplastia. O objetivo é propor uma abordagem inédita desde o pré, trans e pós-operatório para prevenir e minimizar as fibroses, edema intenso e equimoses, acelerando a recuperação do paciente e reduzindo o número de sessões. Método: Ensaio clínico controlado, composto por 20 pacientes do sexo feminino, com idade entre 18 e 56 anos, divididos em dois grupos: 10 no grupo controle (GC) e 10 no grupo experimental (GE), que apresentavam indicação cirúrgica de abdominoplastia ou lipoaspiração abdominal, associadas ou não, e que se encontravam com no mínimo 7 dias de pré-operatório. Os dois grupos foram avaliados no pré-operatório. O GC recebeu atendimento somente a partir do 4º dia de pós-operatório, enquanto que o grupo GE recebeu atendimento durante o pré, trans e pós-operatório. Resultados: O grupo experimental apresentou uma média menor do número de sessões (p = 0,0032), perimetria menor no 4º dia de pós-operatório (p < 0,05) nos pontos antômicos: sulco inframamário e crista ilíaca, média menor na resolução da fibrose (p = 0,0058) e média menor na resolução da equimose (p = 0,0002) em relação ao grupo controle. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir com este estudo inédito que o tratamento no pré, trans e pós-operatório reduz o edema, a formação de equimose e principalmente a formação de fibrose no pós-operatório. Também diminui o número de sessões fisioterapêuticas e acelera o restabelecimento do paciente no pós-operatório das cirurgias abdominais.

Introduction: Fibrosis, intense edema, and ecchymosis are complications that represent a great challenge to dermatofunctional physiotherapists in the postoperative period of liposuction and abdominoplasty. Here we aimed to propose a new approach in the pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods to prevent and minimize fibrosis, intense edema, and ecchymosis, thereby expediting the patient's recovery and reducing the number of required physiotherapy sessions. Method: This controlled clinical trial included 20 female patients aged 18-56 years who were divided into the control group (CG; n = 10) and experimental group (EG; n = 10). All were scheduled to undergo abdominoplasty or abdominal liposuction at least 7 days after enrollment. The two groups were evaluated preoperatively. The CG received care only from the 4th postoperative day, while the EG received care during the pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods. Results: The EG required fewer mean physiotherapy sessions (p = 0.0032) and had lower perimetry values on the 4th postoperative day (p < 0.05) in the inframammary groove and iliac crest, lower mean resolution of fibrosis (p = 0.0058), and lower mean resolution of ecchymosis (p = 0.0002) compared to the CG. Conclusion: The findings of this unprecedented study indicate that treatment in the pre-, trans-, and postoperative periods reduces edema, ecchymosis, and fibrosis formation in the postoperative period. It also decreases the number of required physiotherapy sessions and accelerates patient recovery from abdominal plastic surgery.

El cateterismo radial previo dificulta la monitorización invasiva durante la cirugía cardíaca / Previous radial artery catheterization complicates invasive monitoring during cardiac surgery

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Roll-in phase analysis of clinical study of cyanoacrylate closure for incompetent great saphenous veins.

OBJECTIVE: Cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) was shown in the recently published VenaSeal Sapheon Closure System vs Radiofrequency Ablation for Incompetent Great Saphenous Veins (VeClose) randomized clinical study to be an effective and noninferior option (in terms of both safety and effectiveness) to radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the treatment of incompetent great saphenous veins. The objectives of this analysis were to report the efficacy and safety outcomes of the VeClose roll-in (training) group treated with CAC by physicians who had received device use training but had no prior treatment experience with the technique and to compare the outcomes with those from the randomized RFA and CAC groups. METHODS: The first two subjects at each participating site (n = 20) were roll-in cases (ie, not randomized but instead treated with CAC) to ensure the physician's familiarity with the procedure. Subsequent eligible subjects were randomized to either CAC or RFA. After treatment, all subjects returned for assessment on day 3 and months 1, 3, 6, and 12. The study's primary end point was complete closure of the target vein at month 3. Secondary analyses included patient-reported intraprocedural pain and investigator-rated ecchymosis at day 3. Additional assessments included procedure time, quality of life surveys, and adverse events. RESULTS: Mean procedure time was longer in the roll-in group (31 minutes) compared with the randomized groups (24 minutes for CAC and 19 minutes for RFA; P < .0001). Procedure time decreased in both the CAC and RFA groups over time, plateauing at about 22 minutes for CAC and 15 minutes for RFA. In the roll-in group, the 3-month complete occlusion rate was 100%. Reported intraprocedural pain ratings were similar between the roll-in and randomized groups. Other clinical assessments, including quality of life improvement and adverse events, were similar between the roll-in and randomized groups. Increasing procedure number did not affect clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the VeClose study roll-in group demonstrate that despite the physician's lack of prior experience, initial treatment with CAC leads to comparable efficacy and safety results to RFA and is associated with a relatively short learning period.

Vasculitis tras la monitorización de presión arterial / Vasculitis after blood pressure monitoring

Fundamento. Descripción de aparición de una equimosis en brazo simultáneamente con vasculitis de origen leucocitoclástica, propuesta de usos alternativos a la toma de presión arterial, y el estudio de efectos secundarios a dicha medida. Paciente. Varón de 80 años acude a urgencias con disnea, insuficiencia cardíaca, insuficiencia renal prediálisis con hiperpotasemia e inestabilidad hemodinámica. Durante su estancia desarrolló una lesión cutánea con aspecto de púrpura palpable, desde el límite inferior del manguito de presión arterial hasta la zona distal de la mano y que no desaparecía a la vitropresión, y prurito. Durante su ingreso, la lesión del brazo se extendió a todos los miembros, tanto superiores como inferiores. Resultados. El estudio de la lesión concluyó con diagnóstico de vasculitis leucocitoclástica por presencia de eosinófilos, lo que sugiere probable etiología medicamentosa a la toma de antibiótico desde 7 días antes de la entrada a urgencias. Discusión. Se plantea la necesidad de monitorización seriada de la presión arterial y la duración de dicha monitorización en pacientes inestables frente a los efectos secundarios de esta técnica. También el estudio de otras utilidades de la toma de presión arterial (AU)

Introduction. Description of appearance of ecchymosis on an arm, simultaneously with a classical Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis, the proposal of alternative utilities of measuring blood pressure, and the study of side effects to that measure. Patient. Case 80-year-old male came to ER with dyspnea, heart failure, predialysis renal failure with hyperkalemia and hemodynamic instability. During his stay he developed a skin lesion that looks like palpable purpura, from the lower limit of the blood pressure cuff to the distal area of the hand that not disappeared with vitropression, and pruritus. During admission the arm injury was extended to all members, both upper and lower. Results. The study concluded with diagnosis of Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis given the presence of eosinophils, that which suggested probable drug etiology to an antibiotic that had been taken since seven days prior to admission to ER. Discusion. The need for serial monitoring of blood pressure, and the duration of such monitoring in unstable patients considering the side effects of those techniques was questioned. In addition, the study of other utilities of measuring blood pressure (AU)